Carcinoma basocelular umbilical en paciente con sospecha de endometriosis en la pared abdominal. Reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Umbilical basal cell carcinoma in a patient with suspected abdominal wall endometriosis. Case report and review of the literature

Resumen ANTECEDENTE: La endometriosis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que llega a afectar incluso a 15 a 44% de las mujeres fértiles; sin embargo, su localización en la pared abdominal es excepcional. Las diferentes lesiones que pueden encontrarse ahí dificultan el diagnóstico preoperatorio. OBJETIVOS: Reportar el caso de una paciente con carcinoma basocelular umbilical en quien se sospechó endometriosis en la pared abdominal y revisar la bibliografía al respecto, en particular la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 45 años con un carcinoma basocelular en torno de la zona umbilical. La situación anatómica y la induración dolorosa y sangrante en el área umbilical favorecieron un diagnóstico erróneo inicial de endometriosis umbilical. Esta tumoración, de un subtipo histológico de alto riesgo, requiere una técnica quirúrgica agresiva, con control de los márgenes afectados. En las revisiones posoperatorias la paciente permaneció asintomática, sin lesiones aparentes de recidiva. De la búsqueda bibliográfica se incluyeron 14 artículos de reportes de casos y revisiones de endometriosis en la pared abdominal y carcinoma basocelular. El acceso quirúrgico mediante la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs se estableció como el método más recomendado en la actualidad. CONCLUSIONES: La sospecha de endometriosis en la pared abdominal suele estar fundamentada en la aparición de una lesión con variaciones cíclicas sobre el lecho de una incisión quirúrgica. Las diferentes lesiones que pueden encontrarse en la pared abdominal dificultan el diagnóstico preoperatorio y solo el estudio histológico es el que finalmente lo establece.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that affects up to 15-44% of fertile women, however its location at the level of the abdominal wall is a rare entity. The different lesions that can settle at this level make preoperative diagnosis difficult OBJECTIVES: To report the case of an umbilical basal cell carcinoma in a patient with suspected endometriosis of the abdominal wall and to review the literature, especially on the importance of differential diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: A 45-year-old woman who presented a basal cell carcinoma at the umbilical level. The anatomical situation and the painful and bleeding induration at the umbilical level, led to an initial misdiagnosis of umbilical endometriosis. This tumor of a high-risk histological subtype requires optimal management, based on an aggressive surgical technique with control of the affected margins. In postoperative check-ups, the patient remains asymptomatic, with no apparent lesions of recurrence. A bibliographic search was carried out and 14 articles were included on case reports and literature reviews of abdominal wall endometriosis and basal cell carcinoma. The surgical approach using Mohs micrographic surgery has been established as the most recommended method at present. CONCLUSIONS: The suspicion of abdominal wall is usually based on the appearance of a lesion with cyclical variations on the bed of a surgical incision. The different lesions that can settle at the level of the abdominal wall make preoperative diagnosis difficult, with the histological study finally being the one that yields the definitive result.

Retrospective Cohort Study on the Symptomatic Recurrence Pattern after Hysteroscopic Polypectomy.

OBJECTIVES: The recurrence rate of benign endometrial polyps after a hysteroscopic polypectomy is low, between 0% and 15%. There are limited follow-up duration data on recurrence factors for benign polyps after hysteroscopic polypectomy, including recurrences with Versapoint® versus resectoscope. This study aims to estimate the rate of symptomatic recurrence following hysteroscopic polypectomy and to analyze the possible risk factors involved with Versapoint® versus resectoscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary university hospital in Seville (Spain) which looked at the results of polypectomy with a 9-mm resectoscope on 42 women between 2008 and 2015 compared to 151 women using Versapoint® during 2014. RESULTS: The rate of first recurrence was 24.35%. There was a strong positive correlation between the recurrence and the follow-up duration (odds ratio [OR] = 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-5.04; P = 0.000), the polyps causing abnormal uterine bleeding (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-3; P = 0.04), and a polyp size >15 mm (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.3-3.1; P = 0.02). There were no statistical differences in polyps' recurrence among the types of hysteroscopic polypectomy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The main risk factors for recurrence were polyps causing abnormal uterine bleeding, size, and follow-up duration.

Mioma en remanente cervical tras histerectomía supracervical laparoscópica, presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Myoma in cervical remnant after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy, case report and literature review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los leiomiomas uterinos son el tumor pélvico más frecuente en la mujer, derivan de las células musculares lisas del miometrio y pueden localizarse en cualquiera de las porciones uterinas. Se clasifican según su relación con las diferentes capas del útero mediante la clasificación de la FIGO. Pueden ser asintomáticos o producir síntomas como sangrado, problemas reproductivos o dolor por compresión de estructuras vecinas. El tratamiento puede ser médico o quirúrgico, teniendo dentro de este último grupo, la posibilidad de realizar una miomectomía o una histerectomía total o subtotal. La histerectomía subtotal permite mantener el cérvix uterino, de tal forma que la técnica quirúrgica es más sencilla, sin embargo, requiere de la morcelación de la pieza para su extracción; mientras que la histerectomía total elimina el riesgo de recidiva de la patología uterocervical, aunque precisa de una mayor curva de aprendizaje. CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 52 años a la que se le realizó una histerectomía supracervical laparoscópica por miomas. Posteriormente, se objetivó la aparición de un nuevo mioma en el remanente cervical, que requirió de una traquelectomía vía vaginal. CONCLUSIÓN: La histerectomía subtotal laparoscópica en úteros con múltiples miomas puede tener como efecto adverso la recidiva miomatosa en el cérvix o la aparición de miomas parasitarios secundarios a la morcelación uterina no estanca. Además, implica continuar con el cribado para la prevención del cáncer de cérvix uterino.

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas are the most frequent pelvic tumor in women. They derive from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium and can be in any of the uterine parts. They are classified according to their relationship with the different layers of the uterus by the FIGO classification. Uterine leiomyomas can be asymptomatic or produce symptoms such as compression pain, reproductive problems and metrorrhagia. The treatment can be medical or surgical. Within this last group there is the possibility of performing a myomectomy or a total or subtotal hysterectomy. The subtotal hysterectomy allows the uterine cervix to be maintained and therefore the surgical technique is simpler. However, it requires the morcellation of the piece for its removal. Alternatively, total hysterectomy eliminates the risk of recurrence of uterocervical pathology, but this procedure presents a steeper learning curve. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a patient of 52 years who underwent a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy for myomas. Subsequently, the appearance of a new myoma in the cervical remnant was observed, which required a vaginal trachelectomy. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy in myomatous uterus can have as an adverse effect myomatous recurrence in the cervix or the appearance of parasitic myomas secondary to non-contained uterine morcellation. In addition, it involves continuing screening for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Carcinoma intraepitelial tubárico seroso como hallazgo posquirúrgico de endometriosis y útero miomatoso. Reporte de un caso / Seuous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma as a post-surgical finding of endometriosis and myomatous uterus. A case report

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: El carcinoma intraepitelial tubárico seroso es una lesión precursora del carcinoma invasivo de las trompas de Falopio que con frecuencia se diagnostica en el contexto de una salpingooforectomía bilateral profiláctica por patología ginecológica benigna. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente nulípara, de 51 años, con cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal y elevación de marcadores tumorales CA-125 y CA-19.9, diagnosticada con útero polimiomatoso y sospecha de endometrioma en el ovario derecho. Después de la histerectomía subtotal con anexectomía bilateral, el estudio histológico de la pieza tubárica extirpada reportó focos microscópicos de carcinoma intraepitelial tubárico seroso, sin signos de invasión estromal. Por los hallazgos se solicitaron pruebas de imagen mamarias y el estudio genético de mutación BRCA 1 y 2. CONCLUSIÓN: La salpingooforectomía bilateral profiláctica es un procedimiento que reduce el riesgo de carcinomas peritoneales, tubáricos y serosos de ovario. Las pacientes con carcinoma intraepitelial tubárico seroso deben tener seguimiento basado en controles ecográficos, pruebas de imagen mamarias, determinación de marcadores tumorales y estudios genéticos, debido a su asociación con mutaciones en los genes BRCA 1 y 2.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is a precursor lesion of invasive high-grade tubal and serous carcinoma of the ovary, frequently diagnosed in the context of prophylactic bilateral salpingoophorectomy for benign gynecological pathology. The objective of this work is to carry out a literature review on the most relevant aspects of the follow-up of this injury, after its incidental diagnosis in gynecological surgery. CLINICAL CASE: A 51-year-old nulliparous patient who, in the context of a clinical situation of abdominal pain with elevation of tumor markers CA125 and CA19.9, was diagnosed with polymomatous uterus and suspected endometrioma in the right ovary. After a subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, the histological study of the excised tubal specimen found microscopic foci of STIC without signs of stromal invasion. Given this finding, breast imaging tests and a genetic study of the BRCA 1/2 mutation was requested. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic bilateral salpingoophorectomy in gynecological surgery is a procedure that can reduce the risk of developing peritoneal, tubal, and serous ovarian carcinomas. Patients diagnosed with STIC should be subsidiaries of follow-up based on ultrasound controls, mammary imaging tests, tumor markers, and genetic studies, due to their association in many cases with mutations in the BRCA 1/2 genes. It is necessary to establish a series of standardized clinical protocols for the management of patients with STIC and to continue advancing our understanding of this pathology and its subsequent evolution to high-grade serous carcinoma.

Resección histeroscópica de septo uterino conformado por mioma submucoso / Hysteroscopy Resection of the Uterine Septum Due To Submucosal Myoma

Las malformaciones uterinas congénitas presentan una baja prevalencia en la población general (0,5-6,7 por ciento), el útero septo es la más frecuente. Estas enfermedades pueden afectar a los resultados reproductivos de las pacientes, así como aumentar la incidencia de abortos de repetición, presentaciones fetales anómalas o partos pretérminos. De la misma forma, los miomas uterinos submucosos también pueden producir alteraciones de la fertilidad, aunque la sintomatología más relacionada con los mismos es el sangrado. Constituyen el tumor benigno más frecuente del aparato genital femenino. El diagnóstico de estas patologías puede realizarse mediante pruebas de imagen como la ecografía transvaginal y la resonancia magnética, aunque la visualización directa vía histeroscópica sigue siendo de elección. Esta técnica constituye, además, la primera opción terapéutica, ya que se puede realizar tanto la resección del septo uterino como la miomectomía, sin apenas complicaciones y mediante una técnica quirúrgica segura y poco invasiva. El tratamiento histeroscópico está especialmente indicado en pacientes sintomáticas, con esterilidad o abortos de repetición, incluso antes de iniciar terapias de reproducción asistida. En el siguiente trabajo exponemos el caso de una paciente que presentaba un septo uterino constituido en su mayor parte por un leiomioma submucoso tratado vía histeroscópica; siendo un caso muy raro, dada la infrecuente asociación entre ambas patologías(AU)

Congenital uterine malformations present low prevalence in the general population (0.5-6.7 percent), and uterus septum is the most frequent. These pathologies can affect the reproductive outcomes of patients, as well as increase the incidence of repeating abortions, abnormal fetal presentations or preterm deliveries. In the same way, submucosal uterine fibroids can also produce alterations in fertility, although the most related symptomatology is bleeding. They are the most frequent benign tumor of the female genital tract. Diagnosis can be carried out through imaging tests such as transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, although direct visualization, via hysteroscopy, is still the preferred option. This technique is also the first therapeutic option, since both, resection of the uterine septum and myomectomy can be performed with few complications and a safe and minimally invasive surgical technique. Hysteroscopy is especially indicated in symptomatic patients, with sterility or repeated abortions, even before initiating assisted reproduction therapies. In the following paper, we present the case of a patient who presented a uterine septum formed mostly by a submucosal leiomyoma. She was treated by hysteroscopy. This case is very rare given the infrequent association between both pathologies(AU)

Safety and patients' satisfaction after hysteroscopic sterilisation.

The aim of this study was to understand the potential complications of the Essure® device as well as the factors influencing its onset and patient satisfaction. We present a 9-year descriptive prospective study that included 1068 patients. The device was placed in 1056 of them (98.8%); 894 had no pain or mild pain during the insertion and only 12 patients experienced pain greater than menstrual pain. The proportion of patients without pain was greater in the group that took NSAIDs or NSAIDs and BZD and the unmedicated group had the highest rate of severe pain (p = .00). In all, 161 of the 1064 patients who had the Essure® inserted reported having an adverse effect during the 3-months post-insertion (pelvic pain or discomfort). The mean score out of 10 attributed to this method was 9.06 (S = 1.11). We concluded that the Essure® shows a low rate of complications and users showed a high degree of satisfaction. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: There are few international publications on Essure®. When we conducted a search in PubMed for the term 'Essure', we obtained 221 publications. When we added the terms 'Essure and complications', we obtained 20 publications, and when we increased the restriction including 'satisfaction', we obtained seven; thus, the uniqueness of our study. What the results of this study add: We present a 9-year descriptive prospective study that included 1068 patients. The aim of this study was to understand the potential complications of the Essure® device (Bayer, Whippany, NJ), as well as factors that can influence its onset and the patient satisfaction. The device was placed in 1056 of the patients (98.8%); 894 had no pain or mild pain during the insertion and only 12 patients experienced pain greater than menstrual pain. The proportion of patients without pain was greater in the group that took NSAIDs or NSAIDs and BZD and the unmedicated group had the highest rate of severe pain (p=.00). What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Our study shows a low rate of complications with Essure®, mild and transient in most cases, as well as a high degree satisfaction. Nevertheless, given the few published studies on this device, we believe that long-term follow-up is needed.

Embolización de los miomas uterinos por vía transradial / Uterine fibroid embolization using the transradial approach

Objetivo: determinar la seguridad y la eficacia de la embolización uterina por vía transradial en el tratamiento de las pacientes con miomas sintomáticos. Diseño del estudio: estudio prospectivo realizado en una institución terciaria. 64 pacientes con miomas sintomáticos fueron tratadas mediante embolización por vía transradial. Se realizaron controles previos, al mes y al semestre del procedimiento. Resultados: se completó la embolización de las dos arterias uterinas en 62 pacientes (97%), con una duración media del procedimiento de 87,5 ± 39, 1 minutos. No hubo ninguna complicación local en el acceso vascular. Respecto a la eficacia, se demostró un aumento medio de la hemoglobina desde 10,95 g/dL antes del tratamiento hasta 12,56 g/dL, después del mismo. Igualmente, se produjo una mejoría de la calidad de vida de las pacientes, con un descenso significativo de la puntuación al semestre de la embolización (85,84 ± 29,27 previa, 27,00 ± 22,45 a los 6 meses). Se produjo reingreso precoz en el 14% de las pacientes, por dolor y finalmente se operaron 3 pacientes (4,69%) por no haber mejorado de sus síntomas Conclusión: la embolización uterina transradial es segura y tan efectiva para el tratamiento de los miomas como la transfemoral (AU)

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of uterine fibroid embolisation using the transradial approach. Study design: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary institution. Sixty-four patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent fibroid embolisation using the transradial approach. The patients were assessed before the procedure and 1 and 6 months after the procedure. Results: Embolisation via both uterine arteries was achieved in 62 of the 64 patients (97%), with a mean procedure time of 87.5 ± 39.1 min. Objective assessment showed an increase in the haemoglobin concentration from 10.95 g/dL before the procedure to 12.56 g/dL after 6 months, and a 42% decrease in the volume of the largest fibroid after 6 months. Subjective assessment showed a significant improvement in the quality of life score from 85.84 ± 29.27 before the procedure to 27.00 ± 22.45 after 6 months. There were no vascular complications related to the transradial access. Early readmission was required in 14% of patients due to pain. Three patients (4.69%) underwent subsequent hysterectomy because their symptoms did not improve after the embolisation procedure. Conclusion: Uterine fibroid embolisation using the transradial approach is safe and is as effective as using the transfemoral approach (AU)

Expectativas de las pacientes afectadas de endometriosis moderada-severa ante la cirugía / Expectations of surgery in patients with moderate-to-severe entrometriosis

Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento de las expectativas de las pacientes antes, a los 6 y 12 meses de la cirugía. Sujetos y método. Se realizó una encuesta preoperatoria sobre sus expectativas a 66 pacientes con sospecha ecográfica de endometriosis ovárica, reevaluándose a los 6 y 12 meses de la cirugía. Completaron el estudio 53 de las 56 pacientes en las que hubo confirmación anatomopatológica, siendo, junto con la ausencia de cirugía anterior para endometriosis, los criterios de selección. Resultados. Se establecieron grupos según expectativas; el 48% esperaba la disminución/desaparición del dolor, el 31% conseguir embarazo y el 21% la desaparición de la ansiedad/preocupación por el diagnóstico definitivo. El 88,2% vio cumplidas sus expectativas, disminuyendo el uso de analgésicos hasta el 55,4% y quedando embarazada el 52,17% durante el primer año poscirugía. Conclusiones. La cirugía de la endometriosis mejora el dolor, con una tasa de embarazo del 52,17%. Las expectativas, en general, se cumplen en alto porcentaje (AU)

Objective. To determine patients’ expectations prior to surgery and the extent to which they were fulfilled at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Subjects and method. A preoperative survey was conducted in 66 women with suspected ovarian endometriosis on ultrasound who were reassessed at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Of the 56 patients with a histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis, 53 women completed the study. The selection criteria consisted of study completion and the absence of previous surgery for endometriosis. Results. Three groups were established, according to patient expectations; 48.2% hoped for a decrease or disappearance of pain, 31.2% hoped to become pregnant, and 21.4% hoped for a reduction in anxiety or worry about the definitive diagnosis. Expectations were fulfilled in 88.2%. Analgesic use decreased to 55.4% and 52.17% became pregnant in the first year after surgery. Conclusions. Surgery for endometriosis improved pain, with a pregnancy rate of 52.17%. Expectations were fulfilled in a high percentage of patients (AU)

Entrada laparoscópica directa umbilical con trocar sin neumoperitoneo previo: una alternativa segura / Transumbilical direct trocar entry without prior pneumoperitoneum: a safe alternative

Objetivo. Comparar la entrada directa umbilical con trocar sin neumoperitoneo previo en laparoscopia con el uso de la aguja de Veress. Método. Se revisan las hojas quirúrgicas de 183 pacientes en las que se usó la vía laparoscópica, dividiéndolas en 2 grupos: G1: usando la aguja de Veress, y G2: usando la entrada umbilical del trocar sin neumoperitoneo previo. Se recogieron las complicaciones producidas. Resultados. La edad media era de 40 años y el IMC medio de 29. Solo se registraron 3 casos de enfisema preperitoneal y en todos ellos se usó la aguja de Veress. Conclusión. Según nuestra experiencia, y en concordancia con la literatura, el método de entrada directa umbilical del trocar sin neumoperitoneo previo es un método seguro, sin complicaciones en nuestra serie, presentando ventajas: mayor velocidad de consecución del neumoperitoneo, ausencia de riesgo de embolismo gaseoso, simplificación de los pasos quirúrgicos y menor tasa de fallos en la entrada (AU)

Objective: To compare transumbilical direct trocar entry without prior pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery with Veress needle insertion. Method: The surgical records of 183 patients who underwent laparoscopy were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical technique employed: group 1: Veress needle insertion; group 2, transumbilical direct trocar entry without prior pneumoperitoneum. The complications were recorded Results: The mean age was 40 years and the mean body mass index was 29. There were only three cases of preperitoneal emphysema, all occurring in group 1. Conclusion: In our experience, and in agreement with the literature, transumbilical direct trocar entry without prior use of Veress needle is a safe alternative. There were no complications in our series. This alternative offers certain advantages, such as more rapid achievement of the pneumoperitoneum, the absence of risk of gas embolism, simplification of the surgical steps, and lower rate of entry failures (AU)

Evisceración transvaginal post-histerectomía radical y radioterapia adyuvante / Transvaginal evisceration after radical hysterectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy

La evisceración transvaginal es una situación poco frecuente, con pocos casos publicados en la literatura internacional. Cuando se presenta lo hace habitualmente en mujeres posmenopáusicas y está relacionada con la cirugía vaginal previa, especialmente con la histerectomía. Requiere una intervención quirúrgica de urgencia para reparar el defecto en el fondo vaginal, e incluso, si es preciso, resecar el tramo de intestino afectado. Presentamos un caso de evisceración transvaginal del intestino delgado transcurridos 14 años desde la realización de una histerectomía radical por un cáncer de endometrio y con un prolapso de la cúpula vaginal (AU)

Transvaginal evisceration is a rare situation, with few cases reported in the international literature. This situation normally occurs in postmenopausal women and is associated with previous vaginal surgery, especially hysterectomy. The defect in the vaginal fundus requires emergency surgery, and even resection of the affected section of the bowel, if necessary. We report a case of vaginal evisceration of the small bowel 14 years after radical hysterectomy in a patient with endometrial cancer and vaginal vault prolapse (AU)

Human papillomavirus detection by PCR assay in a large series of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with cytohistological correlation and follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are the precursors of invasive cervical carcinomas and are generally associated with the integration of mucosotropic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA into the host cell genome. Detection of HPV is easy to perform nowadays, even in laboratories with limited technological capacity, and follow-up procedures for patients with HSIL are well established. STUDY DESIGN: HPV detection was performed in a large group of patients with HSIL, and results were correlated with cytological, histological, and colposcopic findings. Discrepancies were examined and discussed. RESULTS: Conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) screening detected 446 HSIL (0.20%) in 218,906 cervical smears. HPV detection by PCR was positive in 339/358 (94.7%) patients. The strains involved were: HPV 16 in 180 patients (53.1%), HPV 18 in 35 (10.3%), HPV 31/33 in 27 (8%), HPV 6/11 in 10 (2.96%), and an unidentified type in 73 (30%). For the last 97 patients (2006-2007), HPV typing was expanded with the following results: HPV 52 was detected in 9 patients (9.2%), HPV 58 in 6 (6.1%), HPV 51 in 4 (4.1%), HPV 68 in 2 (2.0%), and HPV 39 in 1 (1.0%). The number of nonidentified patients dropped to 9 (9.4%); in addition, 14/97 (14.4%) patients were infected with 2 or more viral types. Finally, 19 (5.3%) patients were HPV negative. Colposcopy revealed minor changes in 59 patients (17.3%), major changes in 264 (77.6%), and normal findings in 17 (5.1%). A biopsy was taken in 331/446 patients, and the diagnosis of HSIL or overt malignancy was histologically confirmed in 281 (84.9%) patients: CIN II in 46, CIN III in 224, and histologically upgraded in 11 (6 microinvasive squamous carcinomas, 1 squamous carcinoma, 2 in situ endocervical adenocarcinomas, and 2 microinvasive endocervical adenocarcinomas). Thirty-five patients (10.6%) were downgraded to CIN I and 15 (4.5%) patients had a negative biopsy. Follow-up in the negative-biopsy patients confirmed the existence of SIL in 11 patients [1 HSIL and 10 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL)] while 4 were considered false positives (atrophic changes, 2; reactive changes, 2). After treatment, 31/331 (9.36%) patients displayed recurrence (HSIL in 29 and LSIL in 2). The viral strains involved in patients with recurrence were HPV 16 in 16 patients (51.6%); HPV 18 in 4 (12.9%); HPV 16 and 18 in 1 (3.2%); HPV 31 in 1 (3.2%); HPV 52 in 1 (3.2%); HPV 18, 31, and 58 in 1 (3.2%); HPV 68 in 1 (3.2%); HPV 51 and 73 in 1 (3.2%), and an unidentified type in 5 (16.1%). Follow-up in 14/19 HSIL and HPV-negative patients confirmed the existence of cervical pathology. CONCLUSIONS: HPV detection improves diagnostic sensitivity and provides an ideal tool for monitoring the response to treatment in HSIL patients. The pathogenic relevance of HPV strain 18 may be greater than previously assumed.

Prolapso de la cúpula vaginal tratado mediante operación de Richter-Amreich asociada a colporrafia anterior / Vaginal vault prolapse treatedwith sacrospinous vault suspension associated with anterior colporrhaphy

Objetivo: Estudiar, de forma prospectiva, la tasa de éxito de la fijación sacroespinosa asociada a la colporrafia anterior, en los casos de prolapso de cúpula vaginal después de una histerectomía. Material y métodos: El mismo cirujano trató a 41 pacientes sin incontinencia urinaria previa mediantela intervención de Richter-Amreich asociada a la colporrafia anterior. Se utilizó el gancho Miya y 2 suturas de poliglactina del calibre 00. Se revisó a todas la pacientes al mes de la operación y anualmente hasta la fecha actual. Consideramos éxito de la intervención la falta de prolapso un mes después de la operación y recaída cuando el prolapso apareció uno o más años después de la cirugía. Los datos de las pacientes se incluyeron en una base de datos y se analizaron estadísticamente con el programa Epi-info 3.3TM. Resultados: Hubo prolapso de cúpula al mes de la intervención en 4 de 41 pacientes (tasa de éxitodel 91,2%). Otras 3 pacientes presentaron un mínimo cistocele (grado 1) y una mujer tuvo un cistocele grado 2 sin descenso del ápex vaginal. No ha habido empeoramiento de las pacientes en las revisiones anuales. La complicación más frecuente de la intervención fue la anemia, presente en 13 pacientes (31,7%). La duración media de la intervención fue de 102 ± 35 min, y hubo una clara correlación entre el tiempo operatorio y la experiencia del cirujano. Conclusiones: Se deduce que, en nuestra experiencia, esta técnica es un método efectivo, seguro y económico para solucionar el prolapso de cúpula vaginal tras una histerectomía, especialmente, cuando la experiencia del cirujano supera las 20 intervenciones

Objective: To study prospectively the succes rate of the sacrospinous vault suspension, using the vaginal approach associating an anterior colporrhaphy, in the cases of posthisterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. Material and methods: Between January 1999-July 2005, 41 patients without urinary incontinence and vaginal vault prolapse were treated with the Richter-Amreich’s procedure associated with anterior colporrhaphy by the same surgeon. We have used the the Miya hook in all interventions and 2 sutures of Polyglactin 00. Every patient was 393 followed up a month after the operation and anually till now. We considered success as the lack of prolapse a month after the intervention, and relapse when another prolapse happened in a year or more after surgery. Patients were include in a database and Epi-info 3.3TM was used to perform the statistical analysis.Results: There were vaginal vault prolapse at 1- month follow-up in 4 of the 41 (success rate of 91.2%). Another 3 patients presented minor cystocele (grade 1), and one had a grade 2 cystocele without descent of vaginal apex (9.8%). There is no worsening of these cases till now in the annual follow-ups. The most common postoperatory complication was anemia, that was present in 13 patients (31,7%). The length of complete surgery was 102 ± 35 minutes. There is a clear correlation between operating time and surgeon experience. Conclusions: This technique is an effective method, economic and safe to treat posthysterectomy prolapse of the apical vaginal compartment